Which physical quantity is defined by the mass of an object multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity?

The physical quantity defined by the mass of an object multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity is known as weight. Weight is a measure of the gravitational force acting on an object, which means it is directly proportional to both the mass of the object and the gravitational field strength at that location. The formula for weight is given by:

[ \text{Weight} = \text{Mass} \times \text{Acceleration due to gravity} ]

This relationship highlights how heavier objects experience a greater force due to gravity, while lighter objects experience less force.

In contrast, force is a more general term that can refer to any interaction that causes a change in the motion of an object, while inertia refers to an object's resistance to changes in its motion, irrespective of gravity. Momentum, on the other hand, is the quantity of motion an object has, which is the product of its mass and its velocity, rather than its relationship to gravity. Thus, these other options describe different concepts that are not confined to the context of gravitational force.