Which phenomenon illustrates that particles can exhibit wave-like behavior?

The phenomenon that illustrates that particles can exhibit wave-like behavior is interference patterns. This occurs when waves overlap and combine to form a new wave pattern, demonstrating properties characteristic of both waves and particles.

In the context of quantum mechanics, light and matter can behave as both particles and waves, a principle known as wave-particle duality. When particles such as electrons are directed through a double-slit apparatus, they can create an interference pattern on a screen even when particles are sent one at a time. This behavior is indicative of their wave-like properties, as each particle seems to interfere with itself as a wave.

While reflection of light is a wave phenomenon, it does not specifically illustrate the dual nature of particles. Condensation of gases concerns interactions between particles in a state change rather than their wave characteristics. Chemical bonding involves interactions at the atomic level and does not demonstrate wave-like behavior directly. Interference patterns, however, are a clear demonstration of how particles can exhibit wave-like characteristics when their behavior is observed in appropriate experimental setups.