What is wave-particle duality?

Wave-particle duality is a fundamental concept in quantum physics that describes how particles, such as electrons and photons, exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties depending on the experimental conditions. This principle is rooted in observations that reveal, for instance, that light can behave as a wave, demonstrating interference patterns, yet also can be detected as discrete packets of energy called photons. Similarly, particles like electrons exhibit wave-like behavior, as evidenced by phenomena such as electron diffraction.

This duality is central to the understanding of quantum mechanics, illustrating that the classical distinction between particles and waves is not always applicable at the quantum level. The wave-particle duality is essential for explaining various phenomena in physics and chemistry, including the behavior of light and matter.

The other options do not accurately represent this concept, leaving the correct answer to reflect the true essence of wave-particle duality as the idea that particles can behave like waves and vice versa.