What is the standard SI unit of energy defined as the energy used by a force of one newton moving an object a distance of one meter?

The standard SI unit of energy is defined as the joule. One joule is precisely the amount of energy transferred when a force of one newton moves an object a distance of one meter in the direction of the force. This relationship is grounded in the basic principles of physics, particularly in the context of work and energy.

In essence, when you apply a force to move an object, the work done (which is energy) is quantified by the formula: work = force × distance. Here, if the force (in newtons) is 1 and the distance (in meters) is also 1, it follows that the work done is 1 joule. This unit is widely used in various scientific applications, making it foundational to understanding energy concepts in both chemistry and physics.

Other choices represent different measurements: a watt is a unit of power, which describes the rate of energy transfer, while a calorie is a unit of energy specifically related to heat. Newton, on the other hand, is a unit of force. These distinctions illuminate why the joule is the correct and preferred unit for measuring energy in this context.