What is the property that allows a simple machine to multiply an input force called?

The property that allows a simple machine to multiply an input force is known as mechanical advantage. Mechanical advantage is a measure of the force amplification achieved by using a tool, mechanical device, or machine system. It quantifies how much a machine can increase the input force applied to it. Essentially, a machine with a mechanical advantage greater than one allows a smaller input force to generate a larger output force, making it easier to perform tasks.

For example, in a lever system, the mechanical advantage would be calculated by comparing the distances from the fulcrum to where the input force is applied and where the output force is exerted. If this ratio is greater than one, the lever increases the input force.

While efficiency, work output, and force factor are relevant concepts in the context of machines and mechanics, they do not specifically describe the property that allows a machine to multiply force. Efficiency refers to how effectively a machine converts input work to output work, work output is the useful work performed by a machine, and the term "force factor" is not commonly used in the context of mechanical advantage in physics.