How do acids and bases differ in their effect on litmus paper?

Acids and bases have distinct effects on litmus paper due to their chemical properties. When litmus paper is used to test for the presence of acids or bases, it serves as a pH indicator. Acids, which have a pH less than 7, will cause blue litmus paper to turn red. This color change indicates the presence of hydrogen ions (H⁺), which are characteristic of acidic solutions.

On the other hand, bases, with a pH greater than 7, will cause red litmus paper to turn blue. This transformation occurs because bases release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in solution. The ability of litmus paper to change color in response to acids and bases makes it a valuable tool for determining the nature of a solution.

Each characteristic change in color corresponds directly to the chemical properties of acids and bases, which is why the statement accurately reflects their effects on litmus paper.